Hunting Moments in Afghanistan (Pics)

Hunting Moments in Afghanistan (Pics)

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Rise of Nepotism in Afghanistan

RISE OF NEPOTISM IN AFGHANISTAN in Recent Years..




Written by: Abu Mohammad Hamkar (Noorzai)




When I was in secondary School it was not necessary to Struggle More for getting Good Marks who knew Teachers or had Relatives in School .The Only thing Was Hurting me . Because I did not had Relatives in school and my father being educated never like to meet teachers for increasing my marks in any subject in school more ever students were getting more marks who knew teachers or even teachers in other states could help students who knew teachers in our school . I was not realizing why it is like this……. Why should I know teachers and Why should I study ……………………………….!


Why should I study more than a student who knew teachers and principle ….. till now I did not realize the benefit of those marks whom were given to a student without struggle and studying hard …

Coming back to nowadays system …the Way of giving marks is totally changed in this era in Afghanistan because in secondary school they were giving only some marks and helping students to pass them in their subjects but the whole system improved now .

If you know anyone in ministry of Higher education then you are the king … king because you do not need to study and attend your school classes and you can get 12 th Grade Certificate in a less span of time . or those who do not know anyone can get certificates through only paying 300 Dollar . Now imagine why like this …… remember why this system is better for people and how it damage the people inside Afghanistan and finally for the career of the students .

When I was graduating from 12th , other Students similarly gave their kankor ( Special entrance exam for higher Education In Afghanistan ) Exam like me but they were not worried about their success because they believed that they could enter to their favorite Course without passing the exam because the reason was their relatives and contacts persons within the provinces of Afghanistan and specially those who knew ministers and executives in ministry of higher education .

Coming back to THE SYSTEM GOING NOW IN AFGHANISTAN

I heard the word NEPOTISM from my Professor of Political science as well as the students Discussing about Nepotism but did not understand until I realized the statement : People Doing something In Favor of their relatives “” or favoritism

Simply means the Examples I mentioned above. Now let us first understand the term of nepotism and Meanings .

TERM MEANING

Nepotism is favoritism granted to relatives regardless of merit. The word nepotism is from the Latin word nepos, nepotis (m. "nephew"), from which modern Romanian nepot and Italian nipote, "nephew" or "grandchild" are also descended.


Social and economic Effects


Nepotism and cronyism can have short- and long-term effects on a society, depending on the extent of the take-up and social acceptability of these practices.
Areas in which, it is believed nepotism has negative societal effects:
 the civil service
 intergovernmental relations (ambassadors, civil-service attached personnel)
Also, since a politician or movie star-producer can have more than one child, there is also the related situation of a remaining, resentful, "passed over" child. India's Karunanidhi family also illustrates this examples: Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers M.K. Azhagiri, M. Karunanidhi's second son, was passed over in favor of M. K. Stalin for the deputy chief minister role. This caused a political rift between the supporters of Azhagiri and Stalin.
Nepotism often plays a part in social circles (to varying degrees), as people tend to become friends with their friends' friends more quickly than with complete strangers.

Afghanistan National Cricket Team & National Football Team Outstanding Performance Ever In History .

AFGHANISTAN NATIONAL FOOTBALL AND CRICKET OUTSTANDING PERFORMANCE IN THE HISTORY



Cricket has been played in Afghanistan since the mid 19th century, but it is only in recent years that the national team has become successful.

The national team, formed in 2001, played in the 2009 World Cup Qualifier after rising rapidly through the World Cricket League, starting in Division Five in May 2008.[5] The team failed to qualify for the 2011 World Cup, but did earn ODI status until 2013. On 13 February 2010, the Afghan cricket team secured qualification to the 2010 ICC World Twenty20, the team's first major tournament. In the same year they won their first Intercontinental Cup, beating Scotland in the final.

Asian Cricket Council Twenty20 Cup 2011/12

Afghanistan the team to beat
The schedule for the ACC Twenty20 Cup starting on December 3 have been announced

Points Table
Group A
Teams Mat Won Lost Tied N/R Pts Net RR
Afghanistan 4 4 0 0 0 8 +4.263
Oman 4 3 1 0 0 6 +1.750
Malaysia 4 2 2 0 0 4 +0.875
Maldives 4 1 3 0 0 2 -1.140
Bhutan 4 0 4 0 0 0 -6.135
Group B



Teams Mat Won Lost Tied N/R Pts Net RR
Hong Kong 4 3 1 0 0 6 +1.228
Nepal 4 3 1 0 0 6 +1.061
U.A.E. 4 3 1 0 0 6 +0.832
Kuwait 4 1 3 0 0 2 -0.054
Saudi Arabia 4 0 4 0 0 0 -3.075


The above Afghanistan National Cricket team Performance is Outstanding and Really Impressive . We Hope and Pray For Afghanistan to Win All the Matches In The Future too .

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AFGHANISTAN NATIONAL FOOTBALL TEAM

Outstanding Performance for the First Time


IN

SAFF Championships 2011


Afghanistan Beat Bhutan and Equalize the Match with INDIA 1-1 AFGHANISTAN



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New Afghanistan through Afghan eyes (www.3rdeye.af)

The New Afghanistan through Afghan Eyes” is the name of an Exhibition jointly conducted by the “The Third Eye Photo Journalism Center .

D.U (Delhi University )

The University of Delhi is a centralised university and is known for its high standards in teaching and research and attracts eminent scholars to its faculty. It was established in 1922 as a unitary, teaching and residential university by an Act of the then Central Legislative Assembly. The President of India is the Visitor, the Vice President is the Chancellor and the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India is the Pro-Chancellor of the University.


V.C Office
Ever since its inception, a strong commitment to excellence in teaching and research has made the University of Delhi a role-model and path-setter for other universities in the country. Its rich academic tradition has always attracted the most talented students who later on went on to make important contributions to their society.

When the University took birth, only three colleges existed in Delhi then: St. Stephen’s College founded in 1881, Hindu College founded in 1899 and Ramjas College founded in 1917, which were subsequently affiliated to it. The University thus had a modest beginning with just three colleges, two faculties (Arts and Science) and about 750 students. In October 1933, the University offices and the Library shifted to the Viceregal Lodge Estate, and till today this site houses the offices of the main functionaries of the University. The University has grown into one of the largest universities in India. At present, there are 16 faculties, 86 academic departments, 77 colleges and 5 other recognised institutes spread all over the city, with 132435 regular students (UG: 114494,PG:17941) and 261169 students (UG:258831,PG:2338) in non-formal education programme.

Sir Maurice Gwyer, the then Vice-Chancellor, realizing the importance of a distinguished faculty to act as role models, relentlessly searched for talent all over the country and roped in men of eminence to this University, such as Prof. D.S. Kothari in Physics, Prof. T.R. Sheshadri in Chemistry, Prof. P Maheshwari in Botany and Prof. M L Bhatia in Zoology.


Faculty of Arts
Five Departments namely Chemistry, Geology, Zoology, Sociology and History have been awarded the status of the Centres of Advanced Studies. These Centres of Advanced Studies have carved a niche for themselves as centres of excellence in teaching and research in their respective areas. In addition, a good number of University departments are also receiving grants under the Special Assistance Programme of the UGC in recognition of their outstanding academic work. 10 Departments (Germanic & Romance Studies, Hindi, Persian, Geography, Music, East Asian Studies, Anthropology, Mathematics, B.R.Ambedkar, M. I.L.) are getting grants under DRS, 2 Departments (Buddhist Studies, English) are getting grants under DSA, 3 Departments (English, Buddhist Studies, Social Work) are getting grants under AISHSS and 3 Departments (African Studies, East Asian Studies, Developing Countries Research Centre) are getting grants under Area Studies Programmes. Department of Adult, Continuing Education and Extension and Women’s Studies & Development Centre of the University are also getting special funding from UGC. The University today boasts of as many as 15 big libraries apart from libraries in colleges. The University Science Instrumentation Centre (USIC) which is now situated close to the Physics and Chemistry Departments houses a number of sophisticated and high-end research instruments. These instruments are used quite frequently by Teachers and Research Scholars of postgraduate departments of the University as well as by many other institutions in Delhi and its neighbourhood. The University has recently laid fibre-optic network in the North and the South Campuses connecting all colleges and departments.


D.U
When the University of Delhi expanded in many directions to keep pace with a rapidly growing city, South Campus was established in 1973 to facilitate access for the residents of South Delhi. It moved to its present location on Benito Juarez Road, near Dhaula Kuan, in 1984. The Campus is now spread across 69 acres of green, hilly terrain and its buildings blend attractively with the natural surroundings. The various departments are located in the Faculty of Arts and the Faculty of Inter-disciplinary and Applied Sciences. S.P. Jain Centre for Management Studies is also located at the South Delhi Campus. Besides these, the Campus has a good library, a Health Centre, a Bank, a Post Office, DTC Pass Section and administrative and examination blocks. South Campus also provides some residential quarters for faculty members and the non-teaching staff. Outstation students are offered accommodation in three hostels.

The 2nd Bonn Conference On Afghanistan (د بن دوهم کانفرانس د افغانستان په اړوند)

لیکونکی :ابومحمد همکار(نورزی)
Written By : Abu Mohammad Hamkar (Noorzai)
www.noorzaileader.blogspot.com


The Second Bonn Conference on Afghanistan Held on 4th December 2011 Gives Hope to The People of Afghanistan Specially in Bringing Peace and ending Ethnic , Religious Discrimination and Deprivation . The Period Between First Bonn Conference and Second Bonn Faced Certain Problems Which Should Not be Repeat After The Second Bonn Conference.

National and international resources have not always been justly and equitably distributed across the country. Certain provinces in the north, west, and south, including the capital city of Kabul .

The voice of the marginalised people and their call for change must be heard now. At the 2nd Bonn Conference on Afghanistan in December 2011, the international community will discuss the future of Afghanistan. We, the undersigned, stress the importance of fair treatment of all citizens and their equal access to national and international resources, without regard to ethnic, religious, linguistic, and geographic differences. We call on all members of the international community as well as the UN institutions that participate in and endorse the 2nd Bonn Conference to ensure that the rights of marginalised and deprived groups are considered seriously, and that their rights to development programmes and access to economic, educational, and public services are not ignored.

40,000 Troops to Leave Afghanistan by End of 2012

tolonews

A total of 40,000 troops will exit Afghanistan by the end of 2012.

The US will withdraw 33,000 troops by the end of next year, a third of the 101,000 American troops that were here during the peak of military presence in Afghanistan.

Other countries will also cut their troop numbers.

Many nations will keep some soldiers in the country to train and mentor Afghan troops. They have also pledged to continue financial aid after 2014 when all international combat troops are scheduled to leave Afghanistan.

The Afghan government on Sunday announced the second phase of security transition to local troops. Afghan forces will take over the responsibility for providing security in 18 new areas.

There are currently around 130,000 foreign troops in Afghanistan fighting insurgents in Afghanistan; 90,000 of those are from the US.

By the end of this year, about 14,000 foreign troops will leave Afghanistan, according to an Associated Press tally. The US is returning 10,000 service members home by the end of 2011.




29-011-2011

New Delhi -India

Hamkar(همکار) Fan Page Available in Facebook Now

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Hamkar Finally Create Page For His Fan in Facebook .

This is to inform all my Blogs Viewer To Please Like , Vote and Support Fan Page

Here is an Image of This Fan Page ( Abu Mohammad Hamkar ابومحمد همکار)

As This Blog is Bringing Every Update News About Development of Afghanistan and Welcomes Your Requests and Suggestions for The Improvement of This Blog .



ددې پاڼي ټول معنوي او مادي حقوق له همکار بلاگ سره خوندي دي.

@ noorzaileader.blogspot.com- 2010

Saffron Grows Well in Helmand, Ministry Says

طلوع نیوز



Trials to grow saffron in Helmand province have proved successful with the province's climate suiting the plant well, the Department of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock said.

The pilot project to grow saffron in Helmand started a month ago, the agriculture directorate said. The scheme also included some training for farmers interested in learning how to grow saffron. The pilot cost 1 million afghanis.

Some farmers agreed to grow saffron if they can find markets in which to sell their produce. Efforts to find markets both inside and outside the country are already under way, agriculture officials said.

"We have taken all the necessary measures in this regard and I am sure that we will find markets for our saffron," the head of Helmand's agriculture department, Abdullah Ahmadzai, said.

Helmand is the largest producer of poppy in Afghanistan and government and international officials are striving to convince farmers to switch to growing other crops such a wheat, pomegranates and now saffron.

Saffron plants produce one yield each year in other parts of Afghanistan but due to Helmand's good climate the plant is expected to product two yields per year.

One kilogramme of saffron costs about $3,000 in Afghanistan, $6,000 in the region as much as $8,000 on international markets. Growing saffron may therefore potentially be very lucrative for farmers.

"For farmers who own a small amount of land, growing saffron proved very suitable," one of the farmers who took part in the pilot programme said. "People are very optimistic about it.

Afghanistan Gets 1.5bn Intl Aid

by : tolonews


Afghan Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation says it has received 1.5 billion dollars of funding commitment from international community to implement the ministry's projects in the country.

The 1.5 billion dollars of funding has been allocated for the next six years, the ministry said.

The funding will also cover National Solidarity Programme (NSP) projects, the ministry said.

"The programmes that will be implemented using the funds are mainly aimed at improving people's lives in the rural areas," Afghan Minister of Rural Rehabilitation, Jarullah Mansuri, said.

Some of the projects include the national irrigation and drinking water programme, rural crafts and road construction in the remote areas.

The ministry added it has spent 800 million dollar in the National Solidarity (NSP) projects over the last one year.

Afghan Student Constitute Foreign Students Society in Delhi University College .

Afghan Students Constitute Foreign Students Society in Delhi University College , one of the largest and NO.1 University in India .

Delhi university got First Position Among Top 45 Universities in India

http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.du.ac.in%2Ffileadmin%2FDU%2FDUCorner%2Fpdf%2FDU-No-1.pdf&h=7AQGz7zmPAQHarU9-6yneMJ1ZaHDoT0U9GJu-2D8KfD3Kzw

Afghan Students as Majority of this Society First Decide to have a platform where they can Discuss their Problems with other foreign Students and Finally refer to Principle to Sort out their Problems but Now finally They Successfully Constitute this Society which will give them Opportunity to participate in Cultural Programs & Events across Delhi University Colleges .
One of the Major Reason of Constituting this Society According to Abu Mohammad Hamkar
is That Maximum Afghan Students face Language problem in India when they Reach India So the Foreign Students Society will also Decide With Delhi university Foreign Students Department To Give New Afghan Students Special Classes in English Language in order to Make them Ready for Their Classes .

The Creative Thinker of This Society Abu Mohammad Hamkar(an Afghan Student of Political Science 2nd Year) is Choose as President of this Society and Habib Yousafzai as General Secretary of this Society in order to Discuss the problems with other Afghan Students and Take Advises from Dr.Ravinder Singh Sir The Mentor and Adviser of this Society choose by The Principle IS.Bakshi Dyal Singh College .

The Students will Decide to Present a Documentary on The relationship of Afghanistan-India as The Strategic Partnership is already signed between India-Afghanistan .
The Afghan Students will Invite Speakers from their Embassy to Discuss and interact with Afghan Students as well as Indian Students and This Will provide Students an opportunity to Discuss More Good Programs with The embassy of Islamic Republic of Afghanistan .



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400 Families to Get Electricity in Khost

tolonews

400 Families to Get Electricity in Khost




The officials from Breshna company said on Monday that nearly four thousand families will get electricity in Khost province in the near future.

The officials said that the company will provide a 1000 KW power generator in Khost province which will cover around 4000 families.

Khost province doesn't have water generated power, and all the electricity should be provided through diesel generators which costs a lot, the officials added.

Meanwhile, Khost provincial governor welcomes the project and says that to run the industrial parks in the province, permanent electricity should be provided.

"Twenty four-hour electricity should be provided through Kabul province in order to keep the industrial parks and other factories running. Provision of diesel generators is a good start," Abdul Jabbar Naimi, Khost provincial governor said.

Lack of electricity is a major problem in Khost and currently most of its residents do not have permanent electricity.

Russia Offers to Invest $500 million in Central Asian Electricity

tolonews


The Russian Prime Minister, Vladimir Putin has offered to invest "at least $500 million" in a Central Asian electricity project that will provide energy to Afghanistan and Pakistan.

The Premier made the offer at a one-day meeting of Prime Ministers of the Shanghai Co-operation Organisation held in St.Petersburg on Monday.

"Russia is willing to commit at least $500 million into this project."We could implement this project in a fairly short time and we propose intensifying work in this direction," Mr Putin said.

Under the Central Asia-South Asia Electricity Trade and Transmission Project, CASA 1000, hydropower-rich Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan will export 1,000MW of electricity to power-deficit Afghanistan and Pakistan.

CASA-1000 is one of the projects that may be undertaken by a proposed energy club of the Shanghai Co-operation Organisation.



"Hamkar"

India Mindful about Pakistan Sensitivities over Afghanistan

India Mindful about Pakistan Sensitivities over Afghanistan

Karzai Leaves for Maldives to Attend SAARC Conference

source :tolonews


Afghan President Hamid Karzai flew to Maldives on Wednesday morning to participate in the SAARC conference.

A presidential spokesman Hamid Elmi says that Mr Karzai will attend the 17th South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation which is going to be held on November 10th.

The conference will discuss regional political, economical, cultural and security cooperation.

Mr Karzai will meet Maldives president Mohammad Nasheed on the sideline of the meeting.

Afghan Minister of Foreign Affairs Zalmai Rasool and Dr Rangin Dadfar Spanta, National Security Advisor to president, is accompanying Mr Karzai.

SAARC was formed in 1985 to discuss regional issues. Afghanistan received membership of the SAARC in 2007.

@Abu Mohammad Hamkar -www.noorzaileader.blogspot.com

Russia to Help in Afghanistan Reconstruction, Economic Reform

The Russian Prime Minister, Vladimir Putin following the Shanghai session vowed that his country was willing to contribute to reconstruction and economical reform in Afghanistan.

Mr Putin also expressed concern about poppy cultivation and smuggling in Afghanistan.

Speaking during the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation summit, Mr Putin said his country was prepared to contribute in the reconstruction and economic reform of Afghanistan.

He also insisted that ensuring stability and security in the region, fighting against terrorism, organised crimes and opium is among the priorities and irreversible conditions of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.

He also emphasised that a stable Afghanistan is beneficial for the entire region.

The Premier said that Russia was ready to take part in projects which are essential to Afghan economy, and that his country was keen to continue its cooperation with its Afghan counterparts.


source : tolonews.com
Hamkar

Afghanistan ministry of Education Found $ 55.1 million Dollar .

Afghanistan ministry of Education Found 55.1 millioin Dollar to invest in Tribal Areas and insecure Provinces and schools in Afghanistan
Donated by a Conference in Denmark .
This Conference is held in Denmark and 56 countries participated and the mission of this conference is to help education system across the world and first time Afghanistan became the member of this conference and this message was sent by Mr.Farooq wardak Sahib during an interview with bbcpashto.com
The Advantages of this Donation is for those childern who are not avail of education and schools so this Donation will help children in education .


http://www.bbc.co.uk/pashto/multimedia/2011/11/111108_dr_faroq_wardag.shtml

Written by : Abu Mohammad Hamkar
All rights Reserved @ www.noorzaileader.blogspot.com

Happy EID UL ADHA ( د نیکمرغه اختر تولو مسلمانانو ته مبارکی وایم(عید سعید قربان رابرای تمام مسلمانان چه .

Wishing ALl the Viewers of my Blogspot and Entire Muslim of the world Happy EID UL ADHA .

I Hope Peace comes in our Dear Country Afghanistan with Coming of This EID and my Message to entire Afghans in The world is to Enjoy Their EID Wherever They are and I Request all those rich Afghans Within Afghanistan To Help Orphan and Poor Children in Afghanistan and Make them Happy With lots of Gifts .

Regards

Abu Mohammad Hamkar
www.noorzaileader.blogspot.com

Durrani Empire (درانیانو واکمني ),

ٍEdit : Hamkar
Source : wikipedia




The Durrani Empire (Pashto: د درانیانو واکمني, also referred to as the Afghan Empire. was a Pashtun dynasty centered in Afghanistan and included northeastern Iran, the Kashmir region, the modern state of Pakistan, and northwestern India. It was established at Kandahar in 1747 by Ahmad Shah Durrani, an Afghan military commander under Nader Shah of Persia and chief of the Abdali tribe.[4] After the death of Ahmad Shah in about 1773, the Emirship was passed onto his children followed by grandchildren and its capital was shifted to Kabul. Ahmad Shah and his descendants were from the Sadozai line of the Abdalis (later called Durranis), making them the second Pashtun rulers of Kandahar, after the Ghilzai Hotakis.[5][6]
With the support of tribal leaders, Ahmad Shah Durrani extended Afghan control from Meshed to Kashmir and Delhi, from the Amu Darya to the Arabian Sea.[7] Next to the Ottoman Empire, the Durrani was the greatest Muslim Empire in the second half of the eighteenth century.[7] The Durrani Empire is considered the foundation of the current state of Afghanistan,[8] with Ahmad Shah Durrani being credited as "Father" of Afghanistan.[6][9] Even before the death of Nader Shah of Persia in 1747, tribes around the Hindu Kush region had been growing stronger and were beginning to take advantage of the waning power of their distant rulers



Reign of Ahmad Shah Durrani (1747-1772)

Ahmad Shah Durrani
Nader Shah's Turkmen Afsharid rule ended in June 1747 after being murdered by his Persian soldiers.[10] In October of 1747, when the chiefs of the Afghans met at a loya jirga (grand council) in Kandahar to select a new ruler for the Abdali confederation, the young 25-year-old Ahmad Shah Abdali was chosen. Despite being younger than other claimants, Abdali had several overriding factors in his favor:
He was a direct descendant of Asadullah Khan, patriarch of the Sadozai clan, the most prominent tribe amongst the Pashtun people at the time;
He was unquestionably a charismatic leader and seasoned warrior who had at his disposal a trained, mobile force of 4,000 loyal cavalrymen;[7]
Not least, he possessed a substantial part of Nadir Shah's treasury.
One of Abdali's first acts as chief was to adopt the title Padshah durr-i durrān ('King, "pearl of the age"[11] or "pearl of pearls").[7] The name may have been suggested, as some claim, from Abdali's dream, or as others claim, from the pearl earrings worn by the royal guard of Nadir Shah. The Abdali Pashtuns were known thereafter as the Durrani, and the name of the Abdali confederation was changed to Durrani .

Third Battle of Panipat
Main article: Third Battle of Panipat
The Mughal power in northern India had been declining since the reign of Aurangzeb, who died in 1707; In 1751-52, Ahamdiya treaty was signed between the Marathas and Mughals, when Balaji Bajirao was the Peshwa.[14] Through this treaty, the Marathas controlled virtually the whole of India from their capital at Pune and Mughal rule was restricted only to Delhi (the Mughals remained the nominal heads of Delhi). Marathas were now straining to expand their area of control towards the Northwest of India. Ahmad Shah sacked the Mughal capital and withdrew with the booty he coveted. To counter the Afghans, Peshwa Balaji Bajirao sent Raghunathrao. He succeeded in ousting Timur Shah and his court from India and brought Lahore, Multan, Kashmir and other subahs on the Indian side of Attock under Maratha rule.[15] Thus, upon his return to Kandahar in 1757, Ahmad was forced to return to India and face the formidable attacks of the Maratha Confederacy.
Ahmad Shah declared a jihad (or Islamic holy war) against the Marathas, and warriors from various Pashtun tribes, as well as other tribes such as the Baloch, Tajiks, and Nawabs in India, answered his call. Early skirmishes were followed by victory for the Afghans against the smaller Maratha garrisons in Northwest India and by 1759 Ahmad and his army had reached Lahore and were poised to confront the Marathas. By 1760, the Maratha groups had coalesced into a big enough army under the command of Sadashivrao Bhau. Once again, Panipat was the scene of a confrontation between two warring contenders for control of northern India. The Third Battle of Panipat (January 1761), fought between largely Muslim and largely Hindu armies was waged along a twelve-kilometer front. Despite decisively defeating the Marathas, what might have been Ahmad Shah's peaceful control of his domains was disrupted by other challenges.
[edit]Decline


Afghan royal soldiers of the Durrani Empire.
The victory at Panipat was the high point of Ahmad Shah's—and Afghan—power. His Durrani empire was one of the largest Islamic empires in the world at that time.[16] However, even prior to his death, the empire began to unravel. In 1762, Ahmad Shah crossed the passes from Afghanistan for the sixth time to subdue the Sikhs. He assaulted Lahore and, after taking their holy city of Amritsar, massacred thousands of Sikh inhabitants, destroying their revered Golden Temple. Within two years, the Sikhs rebelled again and rebuilt their holy city of Amritsar. Ahmad Shah tried several more times to subjugate the Sikhs permanently, but failed.
Ahmad Shah also faced other rebellions in the north, and eventually he and the Uzbek Emir of Bukhara agreed that the Amu Darya would mark the division of their lands. Ahmad Shah retired to his home in the mountains east of Kandahar, where he died on (April 14, 1773).[17] He had succeeded to a remarkable degree in balancing tribal alliances and hostilities, and in directing tribal energies away from rebellion. He earned recognition as Ahmad Shah Baba, or "Father" of Afghanistan.[6][9]
The main cause of the decline of the Durrani Empire was relentless efforts of the Sikhs. After suffering at the hands of the Afghans the Sikhs reunited, and as more and more Hindus converted to Sikhism, their army increased and they were able to re-capture Amritsar (1802), Ludhiana (1806), Multan, Kashmir, Laddakh, Peshawar, the Khyber Pass and Lahore. By the time Ranjit Singh of the Sikh Empire died, the Sikhs had taken almost all of Pakistan and Kashmir from the Afghans. Dost Mohammad of the Afghans put up much resistance, even defeating Ranjit Singh in Kandahar, but that did not stop the Sikhs from capturing Peshawar. Dost Mohammad and the Afghans were defeated in 1814, giving the Sikhs control of the strategically important Khyber Pass.[18][19]
The last Sikh-Afghan battle was fought in 1837. The construction of Fort Jamrud next to Afghanistan made the Durrani rulers feel that Kabul was insecure, so Dost Muhammad and Akbar Khan led an attack on that fort. This failed however, and the Sikhs not only saved Fort Jamrud but also captured the Khyber Pass, which connects Pakistan and Afghanistan. The death of Hari Singh was the only solace for the Afghans. After this, the death of Ranjit Singh and the Sikh-Anglo war stopped the Sikh Empire from growing any further.
Forming a nation


By the time of Ahmad Shah's ascendancy, the Pashtuns included many groups whose origins were obscure; it is commonly believed they descended from ancient Aryan tribes, some, such as the Ghilzai, believe they may have intermingled with Turks, and some believe to be descendents of the Israelites that might have settled in the Pashtun areas. The Durranis are Persianized in culture due to their contacts with the nearby Persians. What they had in common was their education and love of Islam. To the east, the Waziris and their close relatives, the Mahsuds, had lived in the hills of the central Sulaiman Mountains since the 14th century. By the end of the 16th century, when the final Turkish-Mongol invasions occurred, tribes such as the Shinwaris, Yusufzais and Mohmands had moved from the upper Kabul River valley into the valleys and plains west, north, and northeast of Peshawar. The Afridis had long been established in the hills and mountain ranges south of the Khyber Pass. By the end of the eighteenth century, the Durranis had blanketed the area west and north of Kandahar and were to be found as far east as Quetta, Baluchistan.

Rail transport in Afghanistan

Rail transport in Afghanistan

Edited by : Abu Mohammad "Hamkar"
Source : Wikipedia

Railways were planned in Afghanistan since the 19th century but never completed due to the Great Game between the Russian and British empires followed by the Soviets and the Americans. At least one rail track was built in the capital of Kabul during the 1920s but was dismantled as Afghan leaders resisted the railway age. Various rail projects have been proposed in recent years, to support mining projects which would drive economic growth.
Currently there is a rail service between Uzbekistan and the city of Mazar-i-Sharif in the north.[1] The Afghan government expects to have the line extended to Kabul and then to the eastern border town of Torkham, connecting with Pakistan Railways. The work is carried out by China Metallurgical Group Corporation (MCC) and is expected to be completed by 2014.[2] Another $350 million rail way project between Mazar-i-Sharif and Turkmenistan is in the early phase.[3] India is finalising a plan to construct a 900-km railway line that will connect Chabahar port in Iran, being built with Indian help, to the mineral-rich Hajigak region of Afghanistan.


Proposed railways


Over the last century and a half, plenty of proposals have been made about building railways in Afghanistan. In 1885, the New York Times wrote about plans for connecting the Russian Transcaspian Railway, then under construction, with British India via Sarakhs, Herat, and Kandahar. When completed, the project would allow British officers to travel from London to India, mostly by rail, in 11 to 12 days (crossing the English Channel, the Black Sea, and the Caspian Sea by boat).[6]
About 1928, proposals were put forward for a railway to link Jalalabad with Kabul, eventually connecting to the (then) Indian system at Peshawar. Lines to join Kabul with Kandahar and Herat would follow later. Owing to political upheavals these plans were not implemented.



Hajigak-Chabahar railway

India is finalising a plan to construct a 900-km railway line that will connect Chabahar port in Iran, being built with Indian help, to the mineral-rich Hajigak region of Afghanistan

Rise and Rise of Afghan National Army

Rise and Rise of Afghan National Army

Rise and Rise of Afghan National Army .

Rise and Rise of Afghan National Army

"Talk wtih Hamkar" (Afghan Voice Radio ) Discussion about Education Quality and system in Afghanistan.

Talk with Hamkar
AFGHAN VOICE FM RADIO
www.afghanvoice.org.uk


Talk with Hamkar : Dicussion about Education quality and system in Afghanistan with Guests from Kabul and New Delhi . After 10 years of investment and international donations for the development in education, the system and quality of education in Afghanistan is still substandard and faces major problems, this major problem is not a matter only for the Afghan students inside the country but it also counts the same for the Afghan students, who goes abroad to study in different fields.

Many of the Afghan students were sent to study in India and other countries by the government scholarships, but the mechanism of the selection of students often doesn’t work because of the corruption or lack of standards. The students are only selected after an English language exam but not other subjects.

Every year more than 100 thousand of Afghan student are passing out from 12th Class but only 40-50 % are successful for studying in Higher education On the other hand Literacy rate in Afghanistan is only 34% (Male 49% and Female 18%)

The selected students for higher education in foreign countries does not meet the basic required education standards, the only way to skip this they have to end the education after some months and come back to Afghanistan.

In This Discussion Mr. Hamkar along with his guests talk and focus on the education system and the quality of the education in Afghanistan.


This Article is Copied From http://www.afghanvoice.org.uk


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"Talk wtih Hamkar" New Opportunity For Afghan Students (Afghan Voice Radio )

TALK WITH HAMKAR

This is a live Show discussion present and Produce by Abu Mohammad Hamkar which is a platform for Afghan students around the world to Share their Ideas and experience regarding significant topics For the Prosperity and Develop Future of Afghanistan

This Radio is Founded by Afghan Young Journalist Mr Zubair Gharghasht .

This radio can be listen by European Countries and all those listener who want to listen can listen 24 hour Live discussion and music shows .

Listen This radio everywhere , anytime For you , with you .

Afghan Voice Radio website (www.afghanvoice.org.uk)


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Ministry of Education of Afghanistan : Every Afghan Teacher will Own a Home Till Next Three Year .

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bbcpashto.com


By : Abu Mohammad " Hamkar "


Ministry of education of Afghanistan said that After three year every Afghan Teacher will own Home . MOE said during A peace and Literature conference in Kabul and in same day the Teachers day celebrated by Whole School across Afghanistan .

MOE Declared that 134 thousands Teachers are given different professional training and building New System of Distributing their Salary .
Minister of Education Ghulam Farooq wardak said that this year we only Give 600000 people opportunity of Giving Education .


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Maximum People Waste Their Time Because of Internet Social Networks .

written By : Abu Mohammad " Hamkar "

it Has been Prove That Majority People are Stuck with Some internet Social Networks and They cant work efficiently therefore Some of the organizations and Government offices blocked the sites because of waste of time of workers in the offices .

One of The most Used Social Network is known as Facebook which Makes People ً Damn Busy . Busy in Facebook Doesn't only mean In free time but even in some critical situation someone cannot forget to log in to their Facebook so that can Make people The most inefficient in their offices .

It has been said that The only reason of Some students who get failed in Examination is also social Networks .

Facebook is a page Designed very interestingly with Features of Profile .
But some of the Students and official workers are saying that Facebook help them in most of their life aspects and you could find your old friend and their profile information , Social networks also Could Share most of interesting information and get The whole require Information Download to your personal PC .



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Afghanistan Gets $754m from Bank for Roads, Railway .

Tuesday, 20 September 2011 17:40
Written by TOLOnews.com




The Asian Development Bank (ADB) agreed to give Afghanistan $754 million to help rebuild the country's roads and rail network.

The funds will improve 600 km of roads - equivalent to 7 per cent of the total national and regional highway network - as well as the country's rail network. This will include new tracks and stations between Mazar-e-Sharif in Balkh province and Andkhoy in Faryab province.

In January, the ADB approved grants worth $340m to complete a 2,700 km ring road connecting the towns of Qaisar, Bala Murghab, and Laman in north western Afghanistan. In total, the ADB has given Afghanistan $1.7 billion in loans and grants to its infrastructure over the past 10 years.

ADB's director general for central and west Asia, Juan Miranda, said: "With the development of modern road, rail and energy networks, Afghanistan is poised to reap the benefits of its strategic location and become a pivotal crossroads for trade and commerce in the region."

The bank is helping Afghanistan become a key player in the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) Programme - a 10-country partnership that promotes the implementation of energy and transport projects that link Europe, East Asia, South Asia and the Middle East.


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Young man develops Afghan Messenger

SOURCE : http://www.pajhwok.com


Young man develops Afghan Messenger

by Gul Rahman Rahmani on 14 September, 2011 - 16:10
KABUL (PAN): A young Afghan, Hafez Nasratullah Albi, says he has developed software called Afghan Messenger, which is more advanced than the Yahoo and other versions.

The 26-year-old told Pajhwok Afghan News during an exclusive interview that he had developed the messenger so that his countrymen could use their own social connectivity tool.

The Afghan Messenger will have more options and facilities than other versions, Albi claimed, explaining it had a special system -- Online Teacher -- for those who cannot go to universities.

Another unique option of the messenger is access to thousands of online radio stations, which people could easily tune into by just getting online, Albi added.

He said: "There is an option in the messenger to choose online radio programmes, comment on them and leave messages. There is no need for phone use in this regard."

The man said up to 20 people could have a video conference, using other messengers, but his version has the capacity for 100,000 people to have a similar conference simultaneously.

"If the messenger is put to use, it will have the capacity of 10 million IDs in one year." He believed the software cannot be hacked. He sent its database to hackers, who could not hack the software.

The Afghan Messenger could not only compete with other messengers, but could work better, he asserted. He wants to dedicate the messenger to the Afghan government and people, though it could be sold to private companies at a very high price.

"My financial situation is not as good as to let me buy other required tools for it. If the government provides me a special server with a 24-hour Internet facility and advanced computer systems, the software will serve millions of people."

He invited other Afghan computer an information technology experts to team up with him in giving the nation a messenger of its own. He reminded of banking software named Nasrat Wardak Accounting (NWA).

"I also developed Simple Accounting for currency conversion. As it was welcomed by companies and moneychangers, I was encouraged to develop the second software NWA."

Simple Accounting that can convert 175 currencies at a time is also useful for moneychangers, private commercial firms, banks and shops. The man said he had come to Afghanistan from Egypt to promote his software.

The son of Eng. Mohammad Rahim, he was born in 1986 in the Ambukhak village of Chak district in central Wardak province. He received primary education in the village before getting admission to the Abdul Hai High School in Gardez.

For higher education, he went to Iran, Turkey and other Arab countries. He specialises in banking and computer engineering. He was 15 year-old when he learnt the Holy Quran by heart at the Bilal bin Rabah Quran Memorisation Centre in Gardez.

Currently, he is the manager of Kite Software Team in Egypt and has so far developed eight software versions.

Afghanistan - The Unconquered Land

the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan) is a landlocked country in South and Central Asia. With a population of about 28 million, it has an area of 647,500 km², making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world. It is bordered by Pakistan in the southeast [note], Iran in the west, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in the north, and the People's Republic of China in the far northeast. The territory that now forms Afghanistan has been an ancient focal point of the Silk Road and human migration.

The first part of the name "Afghan" designates the Pashtun people since ancient times, the founders of Afghanistan and the largest ethnic group of the country.[19] This name is mentioned in the form of Abgan in the 3rd century CE[20] and as Avagana or Afghana in the 6th century CE.

A landlocked mountainous country with plains in the north and southwest, Afghanistan is described as being located within South Asia[7][32][33] or Central Asia.[8] It is part of the Greater Middle East Muslim world, which lies between latitudes 29° and 39° N, and longitudes 60° and 75° E. The country's highest point is Nowshak, at 7,485 m (24,557 ft) above sea level. It has a continental climate with very harsh winters in the central highlands, the glaciated northeast (around Nuristan) and the Wakhan Corridor, where the average temperature in January is below −15 °C (5 °F), and hot summers in the low-lying areas of the Sistan Basin of the southwest, the Jalalabad basin in the east, and the Turkistan plains along the Amu River in the north, where temperatures average over 35 °C (95 °F) in July.

Mirwais Hotak, an influential Afghan tribal leader of the Ghilzai tribe, gathered supporters and successfully rebelled against the Persian Safavids in the early 18th century. He overthrew and killed Gurgin Khan, the Georgian governor of Kandahar, and made the Afghan region independent from Persian rule. By 1713, Mirwais had decisively defeated two larger Persian-Georgian armies, one was led by Khusraw Khán (nephew of Gurgin) and the other by Rustam Khán. The armies were sent by Sultan Husayn, the Shah in Isfahan (now Iran), to re-take control of the Kandahar region.[71]
Mirwais died of a natural cause in 1715 and his brother Abdul Aziz took over until he was killed by his nephew Mahmud. In 1722, Mahmud led an Afghan army to the Persian capital of Isfahan, sacked the city after the Battle of Gulnabad and proclaimed himself King of Persia.[71] The Persians were unhappy with the Afghan rulers, and after the massacre of thousands of Shia religious scholars, nobles, and members of the Safavid family, the Hotaki dynasty was eventually ousted from Persia after the Battle of Damghan.[72]


Ahmad Shah Durrani was crowned as Emir of Afghanistan in October 1747, and within a few years he conquered the entire present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, Khorasan and Kohistan provinces of Iran, along with Punjab in India.
In 1738, Nader Shah and his Afsharid forces captured Kandahar from Shah Hussain Hotaki, at which point the incarcerated 16 year old Ahmad Shah Abdali was freed and made the commander of Nader Shah's four thousand Abdali Pashtuns.[73] From Kandahar they set out to conquer India, passing through Ghazni, Kabul, Lahore and ultimately plundering Delhi after the Battle of Karnal. Nader Shah and his forces abandoned Delhi but took with them huge treasure, which included the Koh-i-Noor and Darya-ye Noor diamonds. In June 1747, Nader Shah was assassinated by four of his Persian officers and his kingdom began to fall apart.[74][75]
In October 1747, the Afghans gathered near Kandahar at a loya jirga ("grand assembly") to select their head of state from a group of men and Ahmad Shah Abdali was chosen. Regarded as the founder of modern Afghanistan,[1][76][77] Ahmad Shah Durrani and his Afghan army conquered the entire present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, Khorasan and Kohistan provinces of Iran, along with Delhi in India.[27] He defeated the Sikhs of the Maratha Empire in the Punjab region nine times; one of the biggest battles was the 1761 Battle of Panipat.

In October 1772, Ahmad Shah died of a natural cause and was buried at a site now adjacent to the Mosque of the Cloak of the Prophet Mohammed. He was succeeded by his son, Timur Shah Durrani, who transferred the capital of Afghanistan from Kandahar to Kabul. After his death in 1793, the Durrani kingdom was passed down to his son Zaman Shah followed by Mahmud Shah, Shuja Shah and others
The Encyclopædia Iranica states:
From a more limited, ethnological point of view, "Afghān" is the term by which the Persian-speakers of Afghanistan (and the non-Paštō-speaking ethnic groups generally) designate the Paštūn. The equation [of] Afghan [and] Paštūn has been propagated all the more, both in and beyond Afghanistan, because the Paštūn tribal confederation is by far the most important in the country, numerically and politically. The term "Afghān" has probably designated the Paštūn since ancient times. Under the form Avagānā, this ethnic group is first mentioned by the Indian astronomer Varāha Mihira in the beginning of the 6th century CE in his Brihat-samhita.

Source : wikipedia

Establishing Professional Institutes For Disabled in Afghanistan .

Source : bbcpashto

Afghanistan Government for the first time is Going to Establish professional Institute for Disabled across the country this Institute is For training disable People who are not able to Support their families and this Training is Different professional fields which make each and every citizen would be able to work and learn Professional work .

Ministry of Work and Social Affairs Said that This Institute expenses would be around 20 million Afghani rupees which is Equal to 100 thousand Dollar .

Ministry of WSA said That they start work today and it would accomplish in one year .


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Population of Afghan (Pashtun) People Around The World .

AFGHANS POPULATION AROUND THE WORLD

Pashtuns (Pashto: پښتون , also known as ethnic Afghans (Persian: افغان), are an Eastern Iranian ethnic group with populations primarily in Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan, which includes Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) and Balochistan.[11] The Pashtuns are typically characterized by their usage of the Pashto language and practice of Pashtunwali, a traditional set of ethics guiding individual and communal conduct. Their origins are unclear but historians have come across references to various ancient peoples called Paktha (Pactyans) between the 2nd and the 1st millennium BC, who may be the early ancestors of Pashtuns. Since the 3rd century AD and onward, they are mostly referred to by the ethnonym "Afghan"

Pakistan 27.2 million (2009)

Afghanistan 13.46 million (2010)

UAE 338,315 (2009)

Iran 110,000 (2010)

United Kingdom 100,000 (2009)

Canada 26,000 (2006) [7]

India 11,086 (2001) [8]

United States 7,710 (2000)

Malaysia and Singapore

Total Approx. 50 million (2009)

Source : Internet WIkipedia

NATO : Unique Training process of Afghan Police

bbcpashto.com


Afghanistan NATO Settled Forces Said that After second world war Afghanistan is the first country who maintain such Proper Discipline National Police in less span of time . Afghanistan after two decade war enhance the capacity of national police .

After second world war there is not any country who Arrange such huge police army in only ten years and this progress itself shows the strength of Afghan People around the world .

Not only male Police is increasing but The female Afghan national Police is also Increasing in the same time .

Afghanistan currently has 170000 One lac seventy thousand police which would Increase to 2 lac in a very less time ...

Majority of Afghan Are Aware of Politics .

After Three decades war in Afghanistan Entire Afghan nation realized the value of their country and Education and Each and every Normal Citizen want to be involve in every sort of Political discussion but Politics itself is not as much positive as afghans believe .

DO AFGHAN HAVE EXPERIENCE OF POLITICS ???


Giving Answer to this Question is very easy because Afghanistan after three decade war make every afghan aware of the fact and It is not now easy to Play with afghans in the name of politics , Religion , Terrorism and as per the Estimation of their Ideas about politics is Most of the time correct because afghan in the history is victims of politics and afghan nation has zero percent tolerance for war and destruction .

.....................................................................................
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Afghan National Army is Going to be Independent till Next Three Year .

source : bbcpashto.com

Translated by : Abu Mohammad Hamkar


Afghanistan Defense Minister Said that second Phase of Transferring Security Responsibilities to Afghan National Army will initiate in couple of weeks shows that Afghan National Army would be 60% enable to start their own operation within Afghanistan and Afghan Higher commander Karimi also Mention that Afghan army is Now easily planning for operation and only thirty percent Foreign Troops are Cooperating them while Operation .

Karimi also said that Recruitment of Afghan National Army is also increasing comparison to past years and the Average rate of Admitting Afghan Army per month is around 8000

as per the estimation done the Number of Afghan National Army should Reach to 171 thousand and 600 army till next June /july 2011

and as soon as the whole responsibility would transfer to Afghan Army the entire Army is Going to be train by Foreign forces and would Hundred percent Help bring security in Afghanistan .


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Struggle For Improving Pashto Language In India .

bbcpashto.com
Facebook :http://www.facebook.com/pages/Jaipur-Pashtun-Cultural-Society/168135933264207


jaipur pashtun cultural society : the founder of this society is Shelpy betra and this society is establish only for increasing and developing the importance of pashto language and pashto speakers across the country and state .
it has been said that Millions of Pashtuns are Living in India from Centuries but they have forgot their Own pashto Language and Culture so the Founder of this Society has Demand from The Afghan Government to Help them Culturally in order to Gain back pashto language as Betra is keen to organize more functions for Improving pashtun culture and language .

The Report Regarding This Society was also Broadcast in BBC pashto

http://www.bbc.co.uk/pashto/afghanistan/2011/08/110828_ia_shelpi_interview.shtml

Establishing Afghanistan Embassy in Brazil

Source : bbcpashto.com


Islamic republic of Afghanistan is going to establish Afghanistan embassy in Latin America .Current Government of Afghanistan is Going to Proceed for further Diplomatic relation with Most of The Asian and European Countries as Good relation with countries could help Afghanistan Develop .

Foreign minster of Afghanistan Said that we would formally open Afghanistan Embassy in Brazil as relation with Brazil would solve more problems of Afghanistan .


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